Echidna Balls

This recipe epitomizes family-friendly, easy, cheap, healthy and delicious meals!  It's from the 4 Ingredients Kids book and will definitely be made again in my house!

Ingredients (serves 4)
400g beef mince
1 egg, beaten
1/2 cup cooked white rice
400g can condensed tomato soup

Method
Preheat oven to 180 degrees celsius.  In a bowl, combine the beef, eggs, rice and season with salt and pepper to taste.

Mix well and form into 4cm diameter meatballs.  Place in a large baking dish and cover with the soup.

Swirl 1/4 cup of water in the can, add this liquid to the meatballs.  Bake for about 45 minutes, or until the mince is cooked through.

Serve with steamed vegetables.

Lemon Coconut Slice

I actually can't believe I've been writing this blog for 2 years, and am only just putting this recipe up.  This is an old favourite of mine & Dean's, but I hadn't made it in ages.  A couple of weeks ago, I had half a jar of lemon curd in the fridge to use up and decided to revisit old faithful!  I tracked down the recipe in my big recipe scrapbook - and it was just as delicious as I remembered!  This one goes down a treat for morning or afternoon tea.  It's a Kim Coverdale recipe from Super Food Ideas - try it out today!

Make sure you get your lemons from Charlie's :-)

Ingredients
125g unsalted butter, melted, cooled
3/4 cup caster sugar
1 1/2 cups self-raising flour, sifted
1 egg, lightly beaten
1/3 cup lemon curd (either bought, or make your own - home-made is always the best!)

Coconut topping
1 eggwhite, lightly beaten
3/4 cup caster sugar
1 1/2 cups desiccated coconut

Method
Preheat oven to 180°C/160°C fan-forced. Grease a 3cm-deep, 18cm x 28cm (base) slice pan. Line base and sides with baking paper, allowing a 2cm overhang.

Place butter, sugar, flour and egg in a bowl. Stir to combine. Press into prepared pan. Bake for 15 to 17 minutes or until light golden.

Meanwhile, make coconut topping Place eggwhite, sugar and coconut in a bowl. Stir to combine.

Spread lemon curd evenly over slice base. Sprinkle with topping. Bake for 10 to 12 minutes or until coconut is golden brown. Cool in pan. Cut into squares. Serve.

Teriyaki Salmon Pasta

This is so easy to throw together on a weeknight - it's so simple, healthy and delicious!  It uses just 4 ingredients, but I did use home-made marinade, which was leftover in the fridge from something else.  You can easily make your own using a recipe like this.  I would love to eat fresh salmon more often, but it's usually so expensive that I only get it as a treat.  But this recipe doesn't use much, so it won't break the bank, and because it's broken up, it really goes a long way.  Delicious!

Ingredients (serves 4)
200g salmon fillet
1/2 cup teriyaki marinade
200g dried fettuccine
1 head broccoli, chopped

Method
Put salmon in an oven-proof dish and coat with marinade.  Leave for at least 2 hours if possible (but it's ok if you don't have time!)

Preheat oven to 180 degrees.  Bake salmon, uncovered, for about 20 minutes or until cooked through.

Meantime, bring a large saucepan of water to the boil.  Add fettuccine and cook for about 10 minutes, until tender.  Add broccoli in the last 4 minutes of cooking.  Drain, then return to the saucepan.

Gently break up salmon and toss through the pasta and broccoli, along with any leftover marinade.

Season with salt and pepper and serve.

Cheese & Pumpkin Loaf

I adapted this recipe from one on www.taste.com.au and I loved the result!  It's moist and delicious and savoury and easy and just perfect fresh out of the oven!  Perfect spread with butter or a bit of herbed cream cheese.

Ingredients
2 cups self-raising flour, sifted
2 teaspoons paprika

2 teaspoons dried oregano

1/2 cup grated tasty cheese

1/2 cup chopped dates
75g butter, melted
1/2 cup reduced-fat milk
2 eggs, lightly beaten
1 cup cold, mashed pumpkin

handful of fresh sage leaves

Butter, to serve (optional)

Method
Preheat oven to 180°C/160°C fan-forced. Grease and line a loaf pan.

In a large mixing bowl, combine flour, paprika, oregano, cheese and dates.  Add butter, milk, eggs and pumpkin. Season with salt and pepper. Spoon mixture into prepared pan. Place sage leaves on top. Bake for 40 minutes. Stand in pan for 5 minutes. Lift out onto a wire rack to cool. Serve with butter, if using.

Sausage & Egg Pie

This recipe is so versatile, you could serve it up for breakfast, lunch, dinner, or even as a party food!  They are simple, quick and easy to change up with your favourites.  You could even mix it up by using puff or shortcrust pastry rather than filo.  Serve with a salad, or add some veges into the mix - roast pumpkin would be delicious, or just add some peas or corn!

Ingredients (makes 6)

3 sheets filo pastry, thawed
olive oil spray
1-2 cooked sausages (flavoured is delicious, but it can be any variety), chopped
2 eggs
1/4 cup milk
2 tablespoons caramelised onion (home-made is the BEST, especially using Charlie's onions!)

Method
Preheat oven to 180 degrees Celsius.

Lightly spray each sheet of filo with olive oil.  Cut into 6 equal pieces and press the stacks into 6 holes of a muffin pan.

Whisk the eggs in a jug with milk.  Divide chopped sausage between each filo base.  Pour egg mixture on top.  Dollop with caramelised onion and mix it in lightly with a teaspoon.

Bake for about 20 minutes until egg is set and pastry is lightly browned.

Serve warm or cold.

German Apple Strudel

I'm part of a "Craft Club" that meets each month to learn a crafty new skill.  I've learnt the basics of so many new things, like crochet, embroidery, making bath salts, painting and lots more!  It was my turn to host on the weekend, so of course, we had a cooking session!  My friend was headed to a German-themed dinner party that night, so we decided to do some German-themed treats for her to take along.

Apple Strudel was a must and I found this recipe at a great website called Quick German Recipes.  It was easy and delicious and a big hit!  I'd definitely make this again!

Ingredients
1kg apples
1 cup fresh breadcrumbs
4 tbsp unsalted butter, melted
3/4 cup caster sugar
1 tsp cinnamon
1/2 cup raisins or cranberries

1/2 cup chopped walnuts
grated rind of 1 lemon
375g packet filo pastry, thawed
1/2 cup extra unsalted butter, melted

Method
Preheat oven to 180 degrees Celsius.

Slice the apples thinly and put into a bowl. Add breadcrumbs, 4 tbsp melted butter, sugar, cinnamon, raisins, walnuts and grated lemon rind and stir together.

On a damp towel, lay two sheets of phyllo dough, and brush with melted butter. Place another 1 to 2 sheets on top and brush with butter. Continue until you have about 6 layers.

Put the apple mixture down the center of the pastry, leaving a 1-inch border around the outside. Fold in the short sides and then roll up.

Put strudel on a baking tray (lined with baking paper) with the seam side down. Brush with remaining melted butter. Cut slashes across diagonally across top

Bake for 30 - 40 minutes or until golden brown.

Sprinkle with icing sugar and serve.

Aprons & Recipes ready to go!

All of the lovely craft club ladies!

Lemon Ricotta Cake

This recipe is from www.taste.com.au and it's SO super easy because it's basically all done in the food processor!  The ricotta and almond meal give it a delicious texture, while the zing of the lemons is delicious!  I drizzled it with an icing just made of icing sugar and lemon juice - delicious!

Ingredients

250g fresh ricotta
2 eggs, at room temperature
160g (2/3 cup) caster sugar
90g butter, melted
3 lemons, rind finely grated, juiced
225g (1 1/2 cups) self-raising flour, sifted
60g almond meal

Method
Preheat oven to 180°C. Prepare a 22cm round cake tin or kugelhopf.

Place the ricotta, eggs and sugar in the bowl of a food processor. Process until well combined and the ricotta is smooth. Add the butter, lemon rind and lemon juice, and process to combine.

Transfer the mixture to a large bowl. Add the self-raising flour and almond meal, and use a spatula to fold in until combined. Spoon the cake mixture into the prepared pan and bake in preheated oven for 35-40 minutes or until a skewer inserted in the centre comes out clean. 

Set aside for 5 minutes, then remove the side of the pan and turn onto a wire rack to cool completely.

Potato & Leek Soup

Here's a warming winter soup that's simple but so delicious!

Ingredients (serves 4)
olive oil spray
1 large leek, white part only, sliced
1 brown onion, chopped
1 clove garlic, crushed
500g potatoes, peeled and chopped
2 cups vegetable stock
1 cup water
1 cup low-fat milk
1 large kranski sausage, cooked
herbs, to garnish

Method
Heat a large saucepan over medium heat.  Spray with olive oil.  Cook leek, onion and garlic until soft and translucent.

Add potatoes, stock and water.  Bring to the boil, then reduce heat and simmer for 20 minutes, until potatoes are soft.

Stir through milk.  Blend with a hand-held blender until smooth.

Stir through chopped sausage and garnish with herbs.  Serve.

Whole Wheat Waffles

I've posted before about my fondness for waffles every once in a while.  I usually do a basic sweet mix, or these tasty savoury ones.  I came across this recipe from the 100 Days of Real Food Blog - they are refined sugar-free, can be dairy-free if you use something like almond milk, and taste amazing!  It's great to have a breakfast treat that you don't have to feel guilty about.  Enjoy!

Ingredients
2 large eggs
1 1/2 cups milk

¼ cup oil (I used coconut oil)
1 tablespoon honey
½ teaspoon ground cinnamon
¼ teaspoon baking soda
1 ½ cups whole-wheat flour
2 teaspoons baking powder
⅛ teaspoon salt
Warmed 100% pure maple syrup for serving
Fresh fruit for serving

Instructions

Preheat your waffle iron.
In a large mixing bowl whisk together the eggs, milk, oil, honey, cinnamon, and baking soda until well combined.

Add in the flour, baking powder, and salt and whisk together just until the large lumps disappear.

When the waffle iron is hot, dab it with a little butter and then ladle some batter onto the center of the iron. Follow the instructions that came with your waffle maker to know how long it should be cooked (mine takes about 3 – 4 minutes each).

Keep waffles warm until you finish cooking all of them. Top with pure maple syrup and fruit.

Pineapple & Passionfruit Jam

In my resolve to make all of my jams & preserves this year, and not buy any from the shops, things have been going well.  Until a couple of weeks ago, when I realised I had nearly finished my jar of Strawberry, Lime & Vanilla Jam - and I had given away the rest that had been in the pantry!

So I've been on the lookout at shops and markets for some cheap, suitable fruit to make a new batch.  But unfortunately, apricots and strawberries (my two favourite varieties), are not in season and are too expensive to use for jam.

Until I came across some cheap pineapples (on special at Charlie's Fruit Market this week!) - and decided that would do the trick!

This jam is different - it has a real fresh & tropical flavour - but I really like it!  And best of all, it worked out at about $4 for 4 jars full - bargain!

(Note: I used a food processor to get the pineapple very well chopped, but you could just do it by hand to have a chunkier jam).

Ingredients
2 pineapples, skin & core removed, chopped
350g caster sugar
Pulp of 3 passionfruit

Juice of 1 lemon

Ingredients

Place pineapple in a large saucepan with sugar, passionfruit & lemon on medium-high heat.

Heat, stirring, until sugar has dissolved.  Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer for about 1 hour, until it's thickened and is quite golden in colour.

Cooking time will depend on your saucepan and stovetop, so keep and eye on it and cook to your liking.

Pour into hot, sterilised jars.

Honey Mustard Chicken

This is one of our family favourites - easy, healthy, delicious, quick & cheap!  Add it to your repertoire!

Thanks to Charlie's for the always fresh & delicious fruit & veg!

Ingredients (serves 6)
olive oil spray
1 large onion, chopped
2 cloves garlic, crushed
2 teaspoons grated fresh ginger
600g chicken breast, diced
1 tablespoon wholegrain mustard
1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
2 tbsp honey
1 1/2 cups chicken stock
400g sweet potato, peeled and diced
2 large carrots, peeled and diced

250g green beans, chopped

Method
Spray a large saucepan or wok with oil over medium heat.  Add onion, garlic and ginger, and cook for about 5 minutes, until softened.

Add chicken and cook until lightly browned.

Add the honey and mustards, and stir well, cooking for about a minute.  Add stock, along with sweet potato and carrot.  Bring to the boil, then reduce heat and simmer for about 15 minutes.

Add beans and cook for a further 5 minutes, until sauce has thickened and sweet potato is tender.

Serve as is or with brown rice or cous cous.

Apple & Custard Dessert Lasagne

After making a vegetable lasagne last week, my workmates started a discussion about what actually constitutes a lasagne - does it HAVE to contain meat?!  It was most likely an off-hand remark, but one of them set me a challenge to create a sweet, dessert lasagne.  Well, I love a challenge...and this is what I ended up with!  It's actually really delicious and turned out better than I expected!  I probably still prefer the traditional apple crumble & custard, but it's a pretty good alternative.

Ingredients (serves 8)
8 apples, peeled and chopped
1 teaspoon cinnamon
1 teaspoon vanilla essence
1/2 cup dates, chopped
1/4 cup seed mix (I used sunflower seeds and pepitas)
600mL custard (I made mine from custard powder, but you could buy a carton or make from scratch)
4 fresh lasagne sheets
50g butter, melted
1/4 cup oats
1/4 cup brown sugar
1/4 cup plain flour
1/4 cup coconut
extra dates, to sprinkle (optional)

Method
Preheat oven to 180 degrees celsius.  Grease a medium square baking dish.

Combine apples with cinnamon, vanilla and dates in a small saucepan with a splash of water.  Bring to the boil, then simmer for about 8 minutes, until soft.  Stir through the seed mix.

Make crumble by combining butter, oats, brown sugar, flour and coconut in a small bowl.

Take prepare dish and spread 1/2 of the apple mixture on the bottom.  Top with 2 lasagne sheets, trimming to fit.  Next, layer half of the custard.

Repeat with remaining fruit, then lasagne sheets, then custard.  Sprinkle crumble on top and extra dates.

Bake for about 30 minutes, until golden brown on top.

Roast Vegetable & Pesto Lasagne

This is a low-calorie version of a traditional lasagne - I love using low-fat ricotta instead of bechamel sauce, as it's so easy and delicious!  The pesto adds to the rich flavours of the roast veges (and is even nicer if you make your own!)  Enjoy!

(The veges taste best from Charlie's!)

Ingredients
1/2 small butternut pumpkin, cubed
1 medium sweet potato, cubed
1 zucchini, cubed
1 capsicum, chopped
2 medium betroots, cubed
1 red onion, chopped
olive oil spray
2 tablespoons pesto
375g tub low-fat ricotta
500g jar pasta sauce
4 fresh lasagne sheets
1/2 cup parmesan cheese, grated

Method
Preheat oven to 200 degrees celsius, fan-forced.

Place vegetables on a large roasting tray and spray with oil.  Roast for about 30 minutes, until golden and tender.  Mix through the pesto.

Reduce oven to 160 degrees fan-forced.

Take a lasagne dish and put half of the vegetables on the bottom.  Top with half of the pasta sauce, then cover with 2 lasagne sheets.  Spread with half the ricotta.

Repeat with remaining ingredients, then sprinkle with parmesan.

Bake for about 30 minutes or until top is golden.  Serve with salad.

Roast Vegetable & Bacon Soup

I'm so excited that it's soup weather again!  Soups are healthy, easy, cheap and so tasty - a firm favourite in our household.  This one (adapted from www.taste.com.au) is not so quick, as the veges roast for a while - but as far as preparation time goes, it's not much at all.  The flavour of the roast veges is just delicious and so is the smokiness of the bacon.  My kids loved this one and I'm sure yours will too!

Ingredients
6 bacon rashers, rind and excess fat trimmed, coarsely chopped
2 red capsicums, halved, deseeded
2 leeks, pale section only, halved lengthways, sliced
700g orange sweet potato, peeled, cut into 2cm pieces
3 unpeeled garlic cloves
olive oil spray
750ml (3 cups) chicken stock
Salt & freshly ground black pepper

Method
Preheat oven to 180°C.

Place the bacon, capsicums, leeks, sweet potato and garlic in a large roasting pan. Spray with oil.

Bake in preheated oven, stirring occasionally, for 1 hour or until the sweet potato is golden and tender. 

Transfer the capsicums to a large plate and cover with plastic wrap. Set the remaining vegetable mixture aside for 10 minutes to cool slightly.

Peel the capsicums and roughly chop.  Squeeze the flesh from the garlic cloves and add to the veges.

Place the vegetables and stock in a large saucepan and stir.  Bring to the boil over medium heat, stirring occasionally.  Use a stick blender to process until smooth.  Season with salt & pepper.

Optional: garnish with extra cooked bacon & fresh parsley.

White Chocolate Mud Cake

My father-in-law turned 80 on the weekend and I was commissioned to do the cake.  He is a farmer, so it was a bit of a John Deere theme - which really suits any age or generation!  I went with a white chocolate mud cake, with the recipe from Exclusively Food - it was divine.  I love white chocolate, so this cake is right down my alley - it was moist and dense but not too heavy - and the flavour was perfect!

The recipe below gives you white chocolate ganache, but I just used buttercream for ease of colouring and decorating.  I used fondant to do the logo on top.  It was a hit and I would definitely make this cake again (it's definitely one just for a special occasion!)

After consuming this cake, please go straight to Charlie's and get some vegetables  to counteract all this butter, sugar & chocolate!

Ingredients
300g white chocolate (I used Cadbury Dream)
200g butter
250ml (1 cup) milk
165g (3/4 cup) caster sugar
2 teaspoons (10ml) vanilla extract
2 large eggs, lightly beaten
100g (2/3 cup) self-raising flour
150g (1 cup) plain flour

Sour Cream and White Chocolate Ganache
200g white chocolate
88g sour cream

Method
Preheat oven to 160 degrees Celsius (145 degrees Celsius fan-forced).

Grease a 20cm square cake pan and line the base and sides of the pan with baking paper.

Place chocolate, butter, milk and sugar in a large saucepan over low heat, stirring frequently. Remove from heat when chocolate and butter have melted, and stir mixture until completely smooth. Allow mixture to cool at room temperature for 15 minutes.

Add vanilla and eggs to chocolate mixture and stir until well combined.

Stir flours together in a large bowl. Add one cup of chocolate mixture to the flour and stir until a smooth paste forms.

Repeat with another cup of the chocolate mixture.

Add remaining chocolate mixture and stir until mixture is smooth. This gradual method of combining the wet and dry ingredients helps prevent lumps.

Pour mixture into prepared pan.

Bake for about 1 hour 10 minutes to 1 hour 20 minutes. When the cake is ready, a fine-bladed knife inserted into the centre of the cake should come out without any batter attached.

Loosely cover cake with greaseproof paper or a clean tea towel and allow it to cool to room temperature in pan.

The cooled cake can be iced with the white chocolate ganache immediately (see directions below), or stored and then iced on the day of serving.

Store cake in an airtight container in the refrigerator and bring to room temperature before serving. The cake is suitable to freeze iced or uniced.

Sour Cream and White Chocolate Ganache
Melt white chocolate in a small saucepan over very low heat, stirring frequently. When chocolate has completely melted, remove from heat and quickly stir in sour cream. Use immediately, or if your ganache is quite runny, set it aside at room temperature to thicken slightly before using.

Gluten-Free Savoury Muffins

I adapted this recipe from www.taste.com.au and really enjoyed the results.  You don't have to use gluten-free flour, but if you do use standard self-raising, just lower the milk quantity a bit.  Add anything to these - carrot, corn, other herbs, or whatever you like!  They freeze well, so they're a handy little lunchbox snack.

Ingredients
1 1/2 cups gluten-free self-raising flour
2 cups grated tasty cheese
100g milk salami, chopped
1 zucchini, grated

1/4 cup fresh basil, chopped
1 cup milk
1 egg
1/4 cup fruit chutney

Method
Preheat oven to 200°C. Grease and/or line a 12-hole muffin pan or 24-hole mini muffin pan.

Sift flour into a large bowl. Add cheese, salami, zucchini and basil. Whisk milk, egg and chutney in a jug until well combined. Make a well in centre of dry ingredients. Pour in milk mixture. Using a large metal spoon, gently mix until just combined. Spoon into muffin holes.

Bake for 15 to 20 minutes or until a skewer inserted into the centre comes out clean. Stand in pan for 3 minutes. Turn onto a wire rack to cool. Store in an airtight container at room temperature.

Whole Orange Cake

This recipe is brought you by Aldi and dedicated to my dear workmates Liam & Robbie, who said to me in no uncertain terms last week, that my cooking has become too healthy and they want more butter and sugar!  This was super easy to make, it's really moist and delicious too!

You'll get the best oranges from Charlies!

Ingredients
2 medium navel oranges
200g butter (softened)
4 eggs
1 1/2 cups sugar
1 cup self raising flour
1/2 cup almond meal

Icing
50g butter (softened)
2/3 cup icing sugar
3 tsp fresh orange juice

Method
Preheat oven to 180°c (or 160°c fan forced)and grease and line a 20cm round spring
form baking tin (or two loaf tins).

Cut whole oranges (with skin and all) into bite-sized pieces and place in a small bowl or container.
Blend using a stick blender until puréed.

In a separate large bowl, beat eggs, soft butter and sugar with an electric mixer until pale and thick. Add orange purée, and beat quickly to combine.

Fold in sifted flour and almond meal, and once well combined, pour into prepared cake tin.

Bake in preheated oven for 50-55 minutes (or about 40 minutes for loaves)or until a skewer inserted into the centre comes out clean. Remove from oven and allow to cool in tin.

To make icing, beat butter with electric mixer until pale and creamy, add icing sugar and beat for 2 minutes. add fresh orange juice to the mix, and beat briefly until just combined.

Smooth icing over the top of the cake once it is completely cooled, and serve.

No-Bake Brownie Bites

Here's a recipe from one of my most favourite chefs, Dominique Rizzo.  She's a regular on 96five, and she is always so lovely and makes us AMAZING food!  These brownie bites a sugar-free, dairy-free and gluten-free - and a perfect healthy treat for the whole family!

Grab your nuts and sultanas from Charlies Fruit Online!

Ingredients (makes 20)
130g fresh dates, pitted
2 lady finger bananas or 1 ripe Cavendish banana
¼ cup cocoa nibs ( optional)
4 tblsp of raw cocoa powder ( unsweetened) or you can just use normal cocoa powder
¼ cup coconut flour
½ cup almond meal
1 cup raisins
½ cup raw macadamia nuts, chopped

Method
In a food processor combine all the ingredients except the macadamia nuts until smooth.

Fold through the nuts and press the mixture into silicone mini-muffin pans

Refrigerate for a few hours until firm and store in an airtight container in the fridge.

Caramel, Pear & Almond Cakes

Today's post is in honour of the Cancer Council's Biggest Morning Tea!

It's happening right around the country today and for the next month or so, and is SUCH a worthwhile cause, AND celebrating it's 20th year!  Amazing!  So if you're hosting a morning tea, or just want an excuse to have a yummy treat, here's a lovely little recipe - and don't forget to send a few dollars the Cancer Council's way!

The recipe is initially from Stay At Home Mum and I just made a few adjustments :-)

Ingredients
2 cups self-raising flour
1/2 tablespoon cinnamon
1/2 cup brown sugar
1/2 cup vegetable oil
2 eggs
1 1/2 cups pears (cored, peeled and chopped)
1 teaspoon vanilla extract

1/2 cup flaked almonds

Method

In a large bowl, combine flour, cinnamon and sugar. Add oil, eggs, pears and vanilla.

Mix until just combined.

Pour into muffin pans then sprinkle almonds on top.

Bake at 165 degrees for about 20 minutes.

Breakfast Quinoa

As you know, I've been trying out a few new recipes with quinoa and loving it, so I was really curious to try it at another time of day - breakfast!  I adapted this recipe from Happy Healthy Mama and really loved it.  It's such a nutritious and delicious start to the day - and it can easily be intolerance-friendly by using almond milk (which also gives it a slightly different flavour) - yum!

Get all your freshness from Charlies Fruit Online!

Ingredients
1 cup quinoa, rinsed
1 1/2 cups milk or almond milk
1/2 cup freshly squeezed orange juice
zest from 1/2 an orange
1/2 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon
generous pinch nutmeg
pinch ground cloves
1 tablespoon pure maple syrup
1/4 cup dried cranberries
1/4 cup chopped cashews

Method
In a small saucepan, bring the milk, orange juice, and orange zest to a boil. Stir in the vanilla, cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, and quinoa. Reduce heat to medium low, cover, and cook for 12 minutes.

Meanwhile, dry toast your cashews in a small skillet pan.

Remove quinoa from heat and stir in maple syrup. Sprinkle with nuts and cranberries and serve.